Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can stay in the air for up to 2 hours after an infected person leaves, and 9 out of 10 unvaccinated people exposed to measles will get sick.

Symptoms

Measles symptoms usually appear 7-14 days after exposure and include:

• High fever (can reach 104 F)
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Red, watery eyes
• Rash that starts on the face and spreads

Prevention

The best way to prevent measles is to get vaccinated. The MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine is 93% effective after one dose, and 97% effective after two doses.

Children should get their first dose at 12–15 months old and a second dose at 4–6 years old.

Adults unsure of vaccination status should check their medical records or get a blood test. Those born before 1957 are generally considered immune.

Complications

Measles can lead to serious health complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. Possible complications include:

• Ear infections (may cause permanent hearing loss)
• Severe diarrhea (can lead to dehydration and hospitalization)
• Pneumonia (a leading cause of measles-related death in children)
• Encephalitis (brain swelling that can cause seizures, brain damage, or death)

Stay Protected

Along with vaccination, take these steps to stay protected:

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
• If exposed to measles and unvaccinated, contact a healthcare provider immediately.
• If you have symptoms, stay home and call ahead before visiting a doctor to prevent spreading the virus.